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更新日期:2022年1月24日 


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比特币中的数字签名​​​​​​​

比特币白皮书将电子币描述为一条数字签名链。这些数字签名赋予了电子币的实际控制权,并且在大多数情况下,也赋予了任何给定脚本中持有的硬币的所有权,同时也可作为电子币的保管控制权记录,这样就可以通过比特币账本的历史记录来追溯控制权的转移。

Electronic coins are defined as a chain of digital signatures

数字签名不仅是使用给定密钥对来进行签名的一段消息,也是对一个身份的链接。欧盟关于数字签名的立法规定,签名相当于“附加到其它电子数据或与其它电子数据有逻辑相关性的数据,它可以作为一种认证方法”。更多信息,请参阅 Craig Wright 博士的这篇文章

比特币脚本允许用户以多种不同方式锁定或解锁他们的比特币。

椭圆曲线数字签名算法 (ECDSA)

椭圆曲线数字签名算法是比特币中最常用的签名类型。它利用了椭圆曲线加密密钥对(参见比特币地址的内容),从给定的消息哈希值中生成安全的签名。

使用比特币脚本,可以创建使用椭圆曲线数字签名的新式签名系统,包括 R-Puzzles、多签脚本和门限签名。

门限签名

在比特币钱包和库中已经有了门限签名的现实应用,它扩展了椭圆曲线签名,使得多方都能够参与签名的创建。该签名是由一个私钥创建出来的,但这个私钥以前从未被明确计算过,或以前从未存在过。当在交易中使用门限签名时,它与普通 ECDSA 签名没有任何区别,依然可以被 OP_CHECKSIG 和相关签名检查操作码来验证。

Rabin签名

nChain 的研究人员已经开始开发验证比特币脚本中 Rabin 签名的方法。这些签名理论上可以允许对在Bitcion SV 账本外部收集的数据进行评估和签名,从而允许在比特币交易中使用预言机。目前还没有在比特币脚本中使用Rabin签名的现实用例。


Digital Signatures in Bitcoin

The Bitcoin whitepaper describes an electronic coin as a chain of digital signatures. These digital signatures confer practical control, and in most cases, ownership over the coins held in any given script, and can be used as a record of custodial control to trace transfers of control back through the history of the ledger.

Electronic coins are defined as a chain of digital signatures

A digital signature isn't merely a message signed using a given keypair, but is a link to an identity. The European Union legislation on Digital Signatures states that signatures correspond to “data in electronic form which are attached to or logically associated with other electronic data and which serve as a method of authentication”. For more information, see this article from Dr Craig Wright.

Bitcoin script allows users to lock/unlock their bitcoin in different ways.

Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)

Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm is the most commonly used signature type in Bitcoin. It makes use of the elliptic curve cryptography keypairs referenced in Bitcoin addresses to generate secure signatures from a given message hash.

Using Bitcoin Script, it is possible to create novel systems that use elliptical curve digital signatures, including R-Puzzlesmultisignature scripts and Threshold Signatures.

Threshold Signatures

There have also been practical implementations of Threshold Signatures in Bitcoin wallets and libraries which extend Elliptic Curve signatures to enable multiple parties to participate in the creation of a signature created from a private key that is never explicitly calculated or existed. When used in a transaction, a Threshold Signature is no different to a normal ECDSA signature and can be validated using OP_CHECKSIG and related signature check opcodes.

Rabin Signatures

Researchers at nChain have begun developing methods of validating Rabin signatures in Bitcoin script. These signatures could theoretically allow for data collected outside the Bitcoin SV ledger to be evaluated and signed allowing oracle functionality within Bitcoin transactions. Currently no practical implementation of a Rabin signature in Bitcoin Script exists.

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