There is an integer array nums sorted in ascending order (with distinct values).

Prior to being passed to your function, nums is possibly rotated at an unknown pivot index k (1 <= k < nums.length) such that the resulting array is [nums[k], nums[k+1], …, nums[n-1], nums[0], nums[1], …, nums[k-1]] (0-indexed). For example, [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] might be rotated at pivot index 3 and become [4,5,6,7,0,1,2].

Given the array nums after the possible rotation and an integer target, return the index of target if it is in nums, or -1 if it is not in nums.

You must write an algorithm with O(log n) runtime complexity.

Example 1:

Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 0
Output: 4

Example 2:

Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 3
Output: -1

Example 3:

Input: nums = [1], target = 0
Output: -1

Constraints:

1 <= nums.length <= 5000
-104 <= nums[i] <= 104
All values of nums are unique.
nums is an ascending array that is possibly rotated.
-104 <= target <= 104

https://leetcode.cn/problems/search-in-rotated-sorted-array/description/

方法一：两次二分

class Solution:
    # 153. 寻找旋转排序数组中的最小值
    def findMin(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
        left, right = -1, len(nums) - 1  # 开区间 (-1, n-1)
        while left + 1 < right:  # 开区间不为空
            mid = (left + right) // 2
            if nums[mid] < nums[-1]:  # 蓝色
                right = mid
            else:  # 红色
                left = mid
        return right
    # 有序数组中找 target 的下标
    def lower_bound(self, nums: List[int], left: int, right: int, target: int) -> int:
        while left + 1 < right:  # 开区间不为空
            mid = (left + right) // 2
            # 循环不变量：
            # nums[left] < target
            # nums[right] >= target
            if nums[mid] < target:
                left = mid  # 范围缩小到 (mid, right)
            else:
                right = mid  # 范围缩小到 (left, mid)
        return right if nums[right] == target else -1
    def search(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
        i = self.findMin(nums)
        if target > nums[-1]:  # target 在第一段
            return self.lower_bound(nums, -1, i, target)  # 开区间 (-1, i)
        # target 在第二段
        return self.lower_bound(nums, i - 1, len(nums), target)  # 开区间 (i-1, n)

方法二：一次二分

class Solution:
    def search(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
        def is_blue(i: int) -> bool:
            x = nums[i]
            if x > nums[-1]:
                return target > nums[-1] and x >= target
            return target > nums[-1] or x >= target
        left, right = -1, len(nums) - 1  # 开区间 (-1, n-1)
        while left + 1 < right:  # 开区间不为空
            mid = (left + right) // 2
            if is_blue(mid):
                right = mid
            else:
                left = mid
        return right if nums[right] == target else -1