银河麒麟x86架构一键安装oracle19c数据库
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银河麒麟x86架构一键安装oracle19c数据库
#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail
# ====================== 常量（不需要用户输入的固定配置） ======================
HOST_NAME="oracle"
ORACLE_SID="orcl"
ORACLE_CHARSET="ZHS16GBK"
BUSINESS_USER="oracle"
ORACLE_BASE="/opt/oracle"
ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1"
LISTENER_PORT="1521"
DB_RPM="oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm"
INSTALL_FLAG="/root/oracle_stage1.ok"
CONF_FILE="/root/.oracle_install.conf" # 阶段间传递用户输入，权限 600
# ====================== 日志配置 ======================
LOG_FILE="/var/log/oracle_install_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).log"
exec > >(tee -a "${LOG_FILE}") 2>&1
echo "📋 安装日志保存到：${LOG_FILE}"
# ====================== root 检查 ======================
if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]; then
echo "❌ 请用 root 用户执行！"
exit 1
fi
clear
echo "============================================"
echo " Oracle 19c 非容器 智能分阶段安装脚本"
echo "============================================"
echo "日志文件：${LOG_FILE}"
echo ""
# ====================== 工具函数 ======================
append_if_absent() {
local line="$1"
local file="$2"
grep -qxF "${line}" "${file}" 2>/dev/null || echo "${line}" >> "${file}"
}
# ====================== 前置环境检查 ======================
check_environment() {
echo -e "\n=================================================="
echo " 环境预检"
echo "=================================================="
local errors=0
local mem_kb
mem_kb=$(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}')
if [ "${mem_kb}" -lt 2097152 ]; then
echo "❌ 内存不足 2GB（当前: $((mem_kb/1024)) MB）"
errors=$((errors + 1))
else
echo "✅ 内存检查通过（$((mem_kb/1024)) MB）"
fi
local disk_avail
disk_avail=$(df -BG /opt 2>/dev/null | awk 'NR==2{gsub("G",""); print $4}' || echo 0)
if [ "${disk_avail}" -lt 20 ]; then
echo "❌ /opt 剩余空间不足 20GB（当前: ${disk_avail}GB）"
errors=$((errors + 1))
else
echo "✅ 磁盘空间检查通过（/opt 剩余: ${disk_avail}GB）"
fi
local swap_kb
swap_kb=$(grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}')
if [ "${swap_kb}" -lt 2097152 ]; then
echo "⚠️ Swap 不足 2GB（当前: $((swap_kb/1024)) MB），建议增大 Swap"
else
echo "✅ Swap 检查通过（$((swap_kb/1024)) MB）"
fi
if [ "${errors}" -gt 0 ]; then
echo "❌ 环境检查未通过，请修复以上问题后重试！"
exit 1
fi
echo -e "✅ 环境检查全部通过！\n"
}
# ====================== 智能依赖安装 ======================
install_deps() {
echo -e "\n=================================================="
echo " 开始安装 Oracle 系统依赖"
echo "=================================================="
local DEPS_LIST="binutils glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel \
libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb \
make nfs-utils net-tools smartmontools sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel libnsl"
set +e
ping -c 2 -W 2 www.baidu.com > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo "✅ 网络正常，联网安装依赖..."
dnf install -y ${DEPS_LIST}
else
echo "⚠️ 网络不通，离线安装系统依赖..."
echo "--------------------------------------------------"
shopt -s nullglob
local rpm_files=(*.rpm)
shopt -u nullglob
if [ ${#rpm_files[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
echo "❌ 当前目录无任何 .rpm 文件，离线安装失败！"
exit 1
fi
local installed=0
for rpm_file in "${rpm_files[@]}"; do
if [[ "${rpm_file}" =~ ^oracle-database- ]]; then
echo " ⏭ 跳过：${rpm_file}"
continue
fi
echo " 📦 安装：${rpm_file}"
rpm -Uvh "${rpm_file}" --nodeps --force 2>&1 || true
installed=$((installed + 1))
done
echo "--------------------------------------------------"
echo " 共处理 ${installed} 个依赖 RPM"
fi
set -e
echo -e "✅ 依赖安装完成！\n"
}
# ====================================================================
# 阶段判断：有 INSTALL_FLAG → 第二阶段；否则 → 第一阶段
# ====================================================================
if [ -f "${INSTALL_FLAG}" ]; then
# ======================= 重启校验新增 BEGIN =======================
FLAG_TIME=$(cat "${INSTALL_FLAG}")
NOW_TIME=$(date +%s)
UPTIME=$(awk '{print int($1)}' /proc/uptime)
BOOT_TIME=$((NOW_TIME - UPTIME))
if [ "${BOOT_TIME}" -lt "${FLAG_TIME}" ]; then
echo "❌ 检测到还未重启，必须 reboot 后再继续执行！"
echo " 请执行：reboot 重启服务器，再次运行此脚本"
exit 1
fi
# ======================= 重启校验新增 END =========================
# ================================================================
# 第二阶段：从配置文件加载变量，无需用户重复输入
# ================================================================
if [ ! -f "${CONF_FILE}" ]; then
echo "❌ 找不到阶段配置文件 ${CONF_FILE}，无法继续！"
echo " 请重新从第一阶段开始（删除 ${INSTALL_FLAG} 后重新运行脚本）"
exit 1
fi
# 加载第一阶段保存的变量
# shellcheck source=/dev/null
source "${CONF_FILE}"
echo "✅ 检测到重启完成，进入第二阶段安装"
echo " IP地址 : ${SERVER_IP}"
echo " SID : ${ORACLE_SID}"
echo " 业务用户: ${BUSINESS_USER}"
echo ""
read -rp "继续安装？(y/n): " ok
[ "${ok}" != "y" ] && exit 0
rm -f "${INSTALL_FLAG}"
else
# ================================================================
# 第一阶段：收集用户输入 → 保存配置文件 → 系统配置 → 等待重启
# ================================================================
echo "🆕 首次安装：第一阶段（环境检查 + 系统配置 + 依赖 + 用户）"
echo ""
# ---------- 收集所有需要用户输入的变量 ----------
read -rp "请输入当前服务器的IP地址: " SERVER_IP
if [ -z "${SERVER_IP}" ]; then
echo "❌ IP地址不能为空！"
exit 1
fi
read -rsp "请输入SYS密码（直接回车使用默认值 mhis）: " SYS_PASSWORD
echo
SYS_PASSWORD="${SYS_PASSWORD:-mhis}"
read -rsp "请输入业务用户(${BUSINESS_USER})密码（直接回车使用默认值 oracle）: " BUSINESS_PASSWORD
echo
BUSINESS_PASSWORD="${BUSINESS_PASSWORD:-oracle}"
read -rsp "请输入 oracle 操作系统用户密码: " ORACLE_OS_PASSWORD
echo
if [ -z "${ORACLE_OS_PASSWORD}" ]; then
echo "❌ oracle 系统用户密码不能为空！"
exit 1
fi
echo ""
read -rp "开始安装？(y/n): " ok
[ "${ok}" != "y" ] && exit 0
# ---------- 持久化到配置文件（仅 root 可读） ----------
cat > "${CONF_FILE}" << CONF
SERVER_IP="${SERVER_IP}"
SYS_PASSWORD="${SYS_PASSWORD}"
BUSINESS_PASSWORD="${BUSINESS_PASSWORD}"
ORACLE_OS_PASSWORD="${ORACLE_OS_PASSWORD}"
CONF
chmod 600 "${CONF_FILE}"
echo "✅ 配置已保存到 ${CONF_FILE}（权限 600，仅 root 可读）"
# ---------- 环境预检 ----------
check_environment
echo ">>> 配置主机名和 hosts"
grep -qxF "${SERVER_IP} ${HOST_NAME} ${HOST_NAME}.localdomain" /etc/hosts \
|| echo "${SERVER_IP} ${HOST_NAME} ${HOST_NAME}.localdomain" >> /etc/hosts
hostnamectl set-hostname "${HOST_NAME}"
install_deps
echo ">>> 创建 Oracle 用户组"
getent group oinstall || groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
getent group dba || groupadd -g 54322 dba
getent group oper || groupadd -g 54323 oper
echo ">>> 创建 oracle 用户"
if ! id oracle &>/dev/null; then
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
fi
echo ">>> 设置 oracle 系统用户密码"
echo "oracle:${ORACLE_OS_PASSWORD}" | chpasswd
mkdir -p "${ORACLE_HOME}"
chown -R oracle:oinstall "${ORACLE_BASE}"
chmod -R 775 "${ORACLE_BASE}"
# 写入当前时间戳，用于第二阶段验证是否真正重启
date +%s > "${INSTALL_FLAG}"
echo -e "\n✅ 第一阶段安装完成！"
echo "⚠️ 请执行：reboot 重启服务器"
echo "🔄 重启后重新运行本脚本，将自动进入第二阶段"
exit 0
fi
# ====================================================================
# 第二阶段主体
# ====================================================================
echo ">>> 第二阶段：安装 Oracle 软件 + 创建非容器数据库"
if [ ! -f "${DB_RPM}" ]; then
echo "❌ 缺少 ${DB_RPM} 安装包，请确认文件在当前目录！"
exit 1
fi
# ---------- 安装 Oracle RPM ----------
if rpm -q oracle-database-ee-19c &>/dev/null; then
echo "✅ Oracle 19c RPM 已安装，跳过..."
else
echo ">>> 安装 Oracle 19c 主程序（此步骤较慢，请耐心等待）..."
set +e
rpm -ivh "${DB_RPM}" --nodeps --force --nosignature
RPM_RC=$?
set -e
if [ "${RPM_RC}" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "❌ Oracle RPM 安装失败（返回码：${RPM_RC}），请检查日志：${LOG_FILE}"
exit 1
fi
fi
chown -R oracle:oinstall "${ORACLE_BASE}"
# ---------- 配置环境变量 ----------
echo ">>> 配置 oracle 用户环境变量"
if ! grep -q "ORACLE_BASE" /home/oracle/.bash_profile 2>/dev/null; then
sudo -u oracle tee -a /home/oracle/.bash_profile > /dev/null << EOF
# Oracle 19c ENV (added by install script)
export ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}
export ORACLE_SID=${ORACLE_SID}
export PATH=\${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:\${PATH}
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.${ORACLE_CHARSET}
export LANG=C
EOF
echo "✅ 环境变量写入完成"
else
echo "✅ 环境变量已存在，跳过..."
fi
# ---------- 配置数据库服务 ----------
SERVICE_NAME="oracledb_${ORACLE_SID}-19c"
INIT_SCRIPT="/etc/init.d/${SERVICE_NAME}"
SYSCONFIG_FILE="/etc/sysconfig/${SERVICE_NAME}.conf"
echo ">>> 配置数据库服务：${SERVICE_NAME}"
if [ ! -f "${INIT_SCRIPT}" ]; then
cp /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c "${INIT_SCRIPT}"
cp /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c.conf "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
sed -i "s/export ORACLE_SID=.*/export ORACLE_SID=${ORACLE_SID}/" "${INIT_SCRIPT}"
sed -i "s/export CHARSET=.*/export CHARSET=${ORACLE_CHARSET}/" "${INIT_SCRIPT}"
sed -i "s/export NUMBER_OF_PDBS=.*/export NUMBER_OF_PDBS=0/" "${INIT_SCRIPT}"
sed -i "s/export CREATE_AS_CDB=.*/export CREATE_AS_CDB=false/" "${INIT_SCRIPT}"
sed -i "s/export PDB_NAME=.*/export PDB_NAME=ORCLPDB1/" "${INIT_SCRIPT}"
sed -i "s|dbca -silent -createDatabase|dbca -silent -J-Doracle.assistants.dbca.validate.ConfigurationParams=false -createDatabase|" "${INIT_SCRIPT}"
else
echo "✅ 服务脚本已存在，跳过生成..."
fi
# ---------- 创建数据库 ----------
if grep -q "^${ORACLE_SID}:" /etc/oratab 2>/dev/null; then
echo "✅ 数据库 ${ORACLE_SID} 已存在（oratab 中有记录），跳过创建..."
else
echo ">>> 开始创建非容器数据库，耗时 5~10 分钟..."
/etc/init.d/"${SERVICE_NAME}" configure
fi
# ---------- 配置数据库用户 ----------
echo ">>> 修改 SYS 密码、创建业务用户"
su - oracle -c "
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}
export ORACLE_SID=${ORACLE_SID}
export PATH=\${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:\${PATH}
sqlplus -S / as sysdba <<'SQLEOF'
set feedback off;
set echo off;
alter user sys identified by ${SYS_PASSWORD};
declare
v_count number;
begin
select count(*) into v_count from dba_users where username = upper('${BUSINESS_USER}');
if v_count = 0 then
execute immediate 'create user ${BUSINESS_USER} identified by ${BUSINESS_PASSWORD}';
execute immediate 'grant dba, connect, resource to ${BUSINESS_USER}';
else
execute immediate 'alter user ${BUSINESS_USER} identified by ${BUSINESS_PASSWORD}';
end if;
end;
/
exit;
SQLEOF
"
# ---------- 配置开机自启 ----------
echo ">>> 配置 dbstart（修复 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER）"
grep -q 'ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=\$ORACLE_HOME' "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/dbstart" \
|| sed -i "s/ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=\$1/ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=\$ORACLE_HOME/" "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/dbstart"
echo ">>> 配置 oratab 自启标志"
sed -i "/^${ORACLE_SID}:/s|:N$|:Y|" /etc/oratab
echo ">>> 配置 rc.local 自启（幂等写入）"
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
append_if_absent "su - oracle -c 'lsnrctl start'" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
append_if_absent "su - oracle -c 'dbstart'" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
# ---------- 配置防火墙 ----------
echo ">>> 配置防火墙（开放 ${LISTENER_PORT} 端口）"
if systemctl is-active --quiet firewalld; then
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port="${LISTENER_PORT}/tcp" && \
firewall-cmd --reload && \
echo "✅ 防火墙已放行端口 ${LISTENER_PORT}" \
|| echo "⚠️ 防火墙配置失败，请手动开放 ${LISTENER_PORT} 端口"
else
echo "⚠️ firewalld 未运行，跳过（如有其他防火墙请手动开放 ${LISTENER_PORT} 端口）"
fi
# ---------- 启动监听 ----------
echo ">>> 启动监听器"
su - oracle -c "
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}
export PATH=\${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:\${PATH}
lsnrctl start || true
"
# ---------- 清理临时配置文件（密码不再需要） ----------
rm -f "${CONF_FILE}"
echo "✅ 临时配置文件已清除"
# ---------- 完成信息 ----------
echo ""
echo "================================================================================"
echo " 🎉 Oracle 19c 非容器数据库 安装成功！"
echo "================================================================================"
echo " 主机IP : ${SERVER_IP}"
echo " SID : ${ORACLE_SID}"
echo " 端口 : ${LISTENER_PORT}"
echo " 字符集 : ${ORACLE_CHARSET}"
echo " SYS密码 : ${SYS_PASSWORD}"
echo " 业务用户 : ${BUSINESS_USER} / ${BUSINESS_PASSWORD}"
echo " 安装日志 : ${LOG_FILE}"
echo "================================================================================"
echo " 连接示例（DBA） : sqlplus sys/${SYS_PASSWORD}@${SERVER_IP}:${LISTENER_PORT}/${ORACLE_SID} as sysdba"
echo " 连接示例（业务） : sqlplus ${BUSINESS_USER}/${BUSINESS_PASSWORD}@${SERVER_IP}:${LISTENER_PORT}/${ORACLE_SID}"
echo "================================================================================"
完整安装包地址：
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1yyGfwdwkA3rdi5JIzJCaRw 提取码: 2kuh 复制这段内容后打开百度网盘手机App，操作更方便哦
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