linux下使用selenium调用谷歌浏览器的一些问题及chromedriver的下载
目录
一、linux版本的谷歌浏览器问题
这部分可以下载官方的安装包（注意谷歌依赖的安装，这部分很繁琐），也可以进入博主的资源下载。
二、对应版本的chromedriver驱动问题
2.1、查看谷歌及chromedriver版本命令
# 谷歌浏览器版本查看
google-chrome -version
# 对应的chromedriver版本查看
chromedriver -version2.2、报错
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 76, in start
stdin=PIPE)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/subprocess.py", line 709, in __init__
restore_signals, start_new_session)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/subprocess.py", line 1344, in _execute_child
raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg, err_filename)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'chromedriver': 'chromedriver'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "selenium获取chrome的pid.py", line 6, in <module>
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 73, in __init__
self.service.start()
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 83, in start
os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'chromedriver' executable needs to be in PATH. Please see https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/home
2.3、解决
chromedriver对应版本的下载，参考 谷歌chromedriver对应版本下载 文章 或 chromedriver download
（20240806更新）
其中，chrome115版本以后对应的chromedriver下载地址变为：https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/#stable ，对于没有找到的版本可以先从网上查找大版本相同的chromedrive，然后将相近的chromedriver的版本替换下载链接中的版本，浏览器回车直接下载。
列如，找到官网上linux环境的下载地址为（https://storage.googleapis.com/chrome-for-testing-public/127.0.6533.88/linux64/chromedriver-linux64.zip），但是我想下载115.0.5790.170版本的chromedriver，那么就把版本号替换上面url里面的版本（https://storage.googleapis.com/chrome-for-testing-public/115.0.5790.170/linux64/chromedriver-linux64.zip），在浏览器里回车自动下载对应版本的chromedriver包。
下载完成后可以选择设置成环境变量，也可以选择在代码中手动配置chromedriver的路径（ /usr/bin/ ）。各自选择各自方便的方式即可。
三、chromedriver权限问题
3.1、报错
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 76, in start
stdin=PIPE)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/subprocess.py", line 709, in __init__
restore_signals, start_new_session)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/subprocess.py", line 1344, in _execute_child
raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg, err_filename)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/root/chromedriver'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "selenium获取chrome的pid.py", line 5, in <module>
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options,executable_path='/root/chromedriver')
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 73, in __init__
self.service.start()
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 88, in start
os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'chromedriver' executable may have wrong permissions. Please see https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/home
3.2、解决
chmod 777 chromedriver （执行命令的前提是进入到chromedriver的路径中）
四、代码启动参数设置问题
4.1、报错
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/selenium获取chrome的pid.py", line 7, in <module>
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 81, in __init__
desired_capabilities=desired_capabilities)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 157, in __init__
self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 252, in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally.
(unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
(The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
4.2、解决
--headless的这一行是要加的。不加--headless谷歌会启动浏览器窗口，如果你的linux不支持可视化则会报错。
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
五、无法从渲染器获取，超时：300.00
selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message: timeout: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 10.000运行环境及版本情况
linux
python ：3.6.3
selenium ：3.141.0
google-chrome ：106.0.5249.103
chromedriver ：106.0.5249.61
关于这个报错，网上什么说法都有。大概就以下几点
添加chrome启动参数，如： --disable-gpu
还有讲因为截图（screet-shot）的问题
或是因为google-chrome和chromedriver启动时把cpu占满了，导致无响应。
我的错误奇怪的是它不常出现，属于偶然性情况。不知道哪天就会抛这个异常，很烦，而且我发现一个现象。我的程序只要出现这个异常，然后进程就被停止了。目前因为这个问题难复现，所以也不知道用了网上的方法能不能解决。
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