以下内容来自于网课学习笔记。

使用的环境：

• Window10+64位操作系统
• PyCharm+Python3.7

一、wordcloud库

1. wordcloud库概述

2. 安装

安装命令：

pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple wordcloud

C:\Users\86571>pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple wordcloud
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.douban.com/simple
Collecting wordcloud
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/96/36/f712ec19c6e253d27c5cae0d45a4a465ebb5ccf0cb26887a6a3127d13769/wordcloud-1.6.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (153kB)
     |██████████████████████████████  | 143kB 1.1MB/s eta 0:00:0     
     |████████████████████████████████| 153kB 1.1MB/s eta 0:00     
     |████████████████████████████████| 163kB 1.1MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: pillow in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from wordcloud) (6.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.6.1 in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from wordcloud) (1.16.5)
Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from wordcloud) (3.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib->wordcloud) (0.10.0)
Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.0.1 in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib->wordcloud) (1.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.1 in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib->wordcloud) (2.4.2)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.1 in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib->wordcloud) (2.8.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from cycler>=0.10->matplotlib->wordcloud) (1.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from kiwisolver>=1.0.1->matplotlib->wordcloud) (41.4.0)
Installing collected packages: wordcloud
Successfully installed wordcloud-1.6.0

3. wordcloud库使用说明

3.1 基本使用

wordcloud库把词云当做一个WordCloud对象

• wordcloud.WordCloud()代表一个文本对应的词云
• 可以根据文本中词语出现的频率等参数绘制词云
• 词云的绘制形状、尺寸和颜色都可以设定

3.2 常规方法

w=wordcloud.WordCloud()

• 以WordCloud对象为基础
• 配置参数、加载文本、输出文本

import  wordcloud
# 步骤一： 配置对象参数
c=wordcloud.WordCloud()
# 步骤二： 加载词云文本
c.generate("wordcloud  by  Python")
# 步骤三： 输出词云文件
c.to_file("py.png")

3.3 配置对象参数

w= wordcloud.WordCloud(<参数>)

设置背景色为白色：

import  wordcloud
txt="life is short, you need python"
c=wordcloud.WordCloud(background_color="white")
c.generate(txt)
c.to_file("py.png")

import jieba
import  wordcloud

txt="第一次，当它本可进取，却故作谦卑。\
     第二次，当它在空虚时，用爱欲来填充；\
     第三次，在困难和容易之间，它选择了容易；\
     第四次，它犯了错，却借由别人也会犯错来宽慰自己;\
     第五次，它自由软弱，却把它认为是生命的坚韧；\
     第六次，它鄙夷一张罪恶的嘴脸时，却不知那正是自己面具中的一副；\
     第七次，它侧身于生活的污泥中，虽不甘心，却又畏首畏尾。"
c=wordcloud.WordCloud(width=1000,font_path="msyh.ttc",height=700, background_color="white")
c.generate(" ".join(jieba.lcut(txt)))
c.to_file("py.png")

二、实例应用

文件下载：新时代中国特色社会主义

基本思路

• 步骤1： 读取文件、分词整理
• 步骤2：设置并输出词云
• 步骤3： 观察结果、优化迭代

1. 白色背景的词云

import jieba
import  wordcloud
f= open("D:/workspace/Python/learn/text.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")
t=f.read()
f.close()
ls=jieba.lcut(t)
txt=" ".join(ls)
c=wordcloud.WordCloud(width=1000,font_path="msyh.ttc",height=700, background_color="white")
c.generate(txt)
c.to_file("py.png")

2. 设置词云显示的最大数量

import jieba
import  wordcloud
f= open("D:/workspace/Python/learn/text.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")
t=f.read()
f.close()
ls=jieba.lcut(t)
txt=" ".join(ls)
c=wordcloud.WordCloud(width=1000,font_path="msyh.ttc",height=700, max_words=15,background_color="white")
c.generate(txt)
c.to_file("py.png")

3. 指定词云形状

使用的形状：t.jpg

import jieba
import  wordcloud
import  cv2
img=cv2.imread("t.jpg")
f= open("D:/workspace/Python/learn/text.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")
t=f.read()
f.close()

ls=jieba.lcut(t)
txt=" ".join(ls)
c=wordcloud.WordCloud(width=1000,font_path="msyh.ttc",mask=img,height=700,background_color="white")
c.generate(txt)
c.to_file("py.png")